nroff(1) General Commands Manual nroff(1)
Name
nroff - format documents with groff for TTY (terminal) devices
Synopsis
nroff [-bcCEhikpRStUVz] [-d ctext] [-d string=text]
[-K fallback-encoding] [-m macro-package] [-M macro-directory]
[-n page-number] [-o page-list] [-P postprocessor-argument]
[-r cnumeric-expression] [-r register=numeric-expression]
[-T output-device] [-w warning-category] [-W warning-category]
[file_...]
nroff --help
nroff -v
nroff --version
Description
nroff formats documents written in the groff(7) language for
typewriter-like devices such as terminal emulators. GNU nroff emulates
the AT&T nroff command using groff(1). nroff generates output via
grotty(1), groff's terminal output driver, which needs to know the
character encoding scheme used by the device. Consequently, acceptable
arguments to the -T option are ascii, latin1, utf8, and cp1047; any
others are ignored. If neither the GROFF_TYPESETTER environment
variable nor the -T command-line option (which overrides the
environment variable) specifies a (valid) device, nroff consults the
locale to select an appropriate output device. It first tries the
locale(1) program, then checks several locale-related environment
variables; see section “Environment” below. If all of the foregoing
fail, -Tascii is implied.
The -b, -c, -C, -d, -E, -i, -m, -M, -n, -o, -r, -U, -w, -W, and -z
options have the effects described in troff(1). -c and -h imply “-P-c”
and “-P-h”, respectively; -c is also interpreted directly by troff. In
addition, this implementation ignores the AT&T nroff options -e, -q,
and -s (which are not implemented in groff). The options -k, -K, -p,
-P, -R, -t, and -S are documented in groff(1). -V causes nroff to
display the constructed groff command on the standard output stream,
but does not execute it. -v and --version show version information
about nroff and the programs it runs, while --help displays a usage
message; all exit afterward.
Exit status
nroff exits with error status 2 if there was a problem parsing its
arguments, with status 0 if any of the options -V, -v, --version, or
--help were specified, and with the status of groff otherwise.
Environment
Normally, the path separator in environment variables ending with PATH
is the colon; this may vary depending on the operating system. For
example, Windows uses a semicolon instead.
GROFF_BIN_PATH
is a colon-separated list of directories in which to search for
the groff executable before searching in PATH. If unset,
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/groff/1.23.0_1/bin is used.
GROFF_TYPESETTER
specifies the default output device for groff.
LC_ALL
LC_CTYPE
LANG
LESSCHARSET
are pattern-matched in this order for contents matching standard
character encodings supported by groff in the event no -T option
is given and GROFF_TYPESETTER is unset, or the values specified
are invalid.
Files
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/groff/1.23.0_1/share/groff/1.23.0/tmac/tty-char.tmac
defines fallback definitions of roff special characters. These
definitions more poorly optically approximate typeset output
than those of tty.tmac in favor of communicating semantic
information. nroff loads it automatically.
Notes
Pager programs like more(1) and less(1) may require command-line
options to correctly handle some output sequences; see grotty(1).
See also
groff(1), troff(1), grotty(1), locale(1), roff(7)
groff 1.23.0 5 July 2023 nroff(1)